/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{PaskoMay99,
	author={Pasko, V.P. and Inan, U.S. and Bell, T.F.},
	title={
Mesospheric electric field transients due to tropospheric lightning
discharges
	},
	journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume={26},
	number={9},
	year={1999},
	month={May},
	pages={1247-50},
	abstract={
A physical picture and quantitative two-dimensional electromagnetic
modeling of mesospheric electric field transients produced by
cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning discharges with short duration currents
(<0.5 ms) are presented. The range of applicability of existing
quasi-electrostatic models of sprites and the physical conditions under
which relatively weak CG lightning discharges (thundercloud charge moment
changes less than 50 C *10 km) may initiate sprites are discussed in the
context of experimental findings
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric electricity
		lightning
		mesosphere
		mesospheric electric field transients
		tropospheric lightning discharges
		2D EM modelling
		cloud-to-ground lightning discharges
		short duration currents
		quasi-electrostatic models
		sprites
		thundercloud charge moment changes
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{VeronisJun99,
	author={Veronis, G. and Pasko, V.P. and Inan, U.S.},
	title={
Characteristics of mesospheric optical emissions produced by lightning
discharges
	},
	journal={Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume={104},
	number={A6},
	year={1999},
	month={Jun},
	pages={12645-56},
	abstract={
A new 2D cylindrically symmetric EM model of the lightning-ionosphere
interaction includes effects of both the lightning radiated EM pulses (EMP)
and the quasi-electrostatic (QE) fields, thus allowing effective studies of
lightning-ionosphere interactions on time scales ranging from several
microseconds to tens of milliseconds. The temporal and spatial evolution of
the electric field, lower ionospheric electron density, and optical
emissions calculated with the new model are used to investigate
theoretically the effects of the lightning return stroke current waveform
and of the observational geometry on the optical signals observed with a
photometer. For typical lightning discharges of À100 mu s duration the
ionospheric response is dominated by the EMP-induced heating leading to the
highly transient and laterally expanding optical flashes known as elves.
The optical signal characteristics are found to be highly sensitive to both
the observational geometry and the current waveform. The onset delay with
respect to the lightning discharge, the duration, and the peak magnitude of
optical emissions are highly dependent on the elevation and azimuth angles
of field of view of individual photometric pixels. The shape of the optical
signal clearly reflects the source current waveform. For a waveshape with
risetime of À50 mu s or longer a double-pulse shape of the photometric
signal is observed. For cloud to ground lightning discharges of À1 ms
duration removing substantial amount of charge, heating and ionization
changes induced by the QE field lead to the mesospheric luminous glows with
lateral extent <100 km, referred to as sprites
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric radiation
		atmospheric temperature
		electromagnetic pulse
		electron density
		ionospheric disturbances
		lightning
		mesosphere
		mesospheric optical emissions
		lightning discharges
		2D cylindrically symmetric electromagnetic model
		lightning-ionosphere interaction
		EM pulses
		quasi-electrostatic fields
		time scales
		temporal evolution
		spatial evolution
		lower ionospheric electron density
		lightning return stroke current waveform
		observational geometry
		EMP-induced heating
		optical flashes
		elves
		onset delay
		duration
		source current waveform
		risetime
		double-pulse shape
		photometric signal
		ionization changes
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{PaskoMay98,
	author={Pasko, V.P. and Inan, U.S. and Bell, T.F.},
	title={
Ionospheric effects due to electrostatic thundercloud fields
	},
	journal={Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics},
	volume={60},
	number={7-9},
	year={1998},
	month={May},
	pages={863-70},
	abstract={
Electrostatic thundercloud fields are shown to heat lower ionospheric
electrons significantly under night time conditions. The effect is
maximized under conditions of higher altitudes of thundercloud charges,
larger magnitudes of these charges, and larger scale heights of ambient
conductivity profiles. The lower ionospheric conductivity can be modified
as a result of the heating by up to one order of magnitude in regions with
a characteristic lateral extent of À150 to 350 km. The vertical extent of
the heated region is À10 km, at altitudes of À70-80 km, reaching above 85
km in some cases, depending on the ambient night-time conductivity profile.
The electron heating may potentially alter the chemical balance in the
D-region, modify the ambient levels of optical emissions and the magnitude
of electrostatic thundercloud fields which map to higher ionospheric
altitudes
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric composition
		atmospheric electricity
		atmospheric temperature
		D-region
		ionospheric disturbances
		thunderstorms
		electrostatic thundercloud fields
		ionospheric effects
		lower ionospheric electrons
		night time conditions
		thundercloud charges
		scale height
		vertical extent
		electron heating
		chemical balance
		D-region
		optical emissions
		magnitude
		0 to 100 km
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{MorrillMay98,
	author={Morrill, J.S. and Bucsela, E.J. and Pasko, V.P. and Berg, S.L. and Heavner, M.J. and Moudry, D.R. and Benesch, W.M. and Wescott, E.M. and Sentman, D.D.},
	title={
Time resolved N/sub 2/ triplet state vibrational populations and emissions
associated with red sprites
	},
	journal={Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics},
	volume={60},
	number={7-9},
	year={1998},
	month={May},
	pages={811-29},
	abstract={
The results of a quasi-electrostatic electron heating model were combined
with a time dependent N/sub 2/ vibrational level population model to
simulate the spectral distributions and absolute intensities observed in
red sprites. The results include both N/sub 2/ excited state vibrational
level populations and time profiles of excited electronic state emission.
Due to the long atmospheric paths associated with red sprite observations,
atmospheric attenuation has a strong impact on the observed spectrum. We
present model results showing the effect of atmospheric attenuation as a
function of wavelength for various conditions relevant to sprite
observations. In addition, our model results estimate the variation in the
relative intensities of a number of specific N/sub 2/ emissions in sprites
(1PG, 2PG, and VK) in response to changes in observational geometry. A
sprite spectrum, measured from the Wyoming Infrared Observatory (WIRO) on
Jelm Mountain, during July, 1996, has been analyzed and includes N/sub 2/
1PG bands down to nu '=1. In addition to N/sub 2/ 1PG, our analysis of this
spectrum indicates the presence of spectral features which are attributable
to N/sub 2//sup +/ Meinel emission. However, the presence of N/sub 2//sup
+/(A/sup 2/ Pi /sub u/) should be considered preliminary. The importance of
both the populations of the lower levels of the N/sub 2/(B/sup 3/ Pi /sub
g/) and the N/sub 2/(B/sup 3/ Pi /sub g/)/N/sub 2//sup +/(A/sup 2/ Pi /sub
g/) population ratio in the diagnosis of the electron energies presented in
red sprites is discussed. While the current spectral analysis yields a
vibrational distribution of the N/sub 2/(B/sup 3/ Pi /sub g/) which
requires an average electron energy of only 1-2 eV, model results do
indicate that the populations of the lower levels of the N/sub 2/(B/sup 3/
Pi /sub g/) will increase with increases in the electron energy primarily
due to cascade
	},
	keywords={
		airglow
		atmospheric radiation
		atmospheric spectra
		nitrogen
		thunderstorms
		triplet state
		vibrational states
		time resolved N/sub 2/ triplet state vibrational populations
		red sprites
		quasi-electrostatic electron heating model
		spectral distributions
		absolute intensities
		excited state
		excited electronic state emission
		atmospheric attenuation
		wavelength
		N/sub 2/ emissions
		July 1996
		Jelm Mountain
		N/sub 2/ 1PG bands
		N/sub 2//sup +/ Meinel emission
		N/sub 2/(B/sup 3/ Pi /sub g/)
		N/sub 2//sup +/(A/sup 2/ Pi /sub g/)
		N/sub 2/(B/sup 3/ Pi /sub g/)/N/sub 2//sup +/(A/sup 2/ Pi /sub g/)
		population ratio
		electron energies
		vibrational distribution
		cascade
		AD 1996 07
		N/sub 2/
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{PaskoSep98,
	author={Pasko, V.P. and Inan, U.S. and Bell, T.F. and Reising, S.C.},
	title={
Mechanism of ELF radiation from sprites
	},
	journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume={25},
	number={18},
	year={1998},
	month={Sep},
	pages={3493-6},
	abstract={
Charge and current systems associated with sprites constitute a part of the
large scale atmospheric electric circuit, providing a context for physical
understanding of recently discovered ELF radiation originating from
currents flowing within the body of sprites. It is shown that the impulse
of the electric current driven in the conducting body of the sprite by
lightning generated transient quasi-electrostatic fields produces
significant electromagnetic radiation in the ELF range of frequencies,
comparable to that radiated by the causative lightning discharge
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric radiation
		atmospherics
		lightning
		mesosphere
		thermosphere
		thunderstorms
		radiowave emission
		ELF
		ELF radiation
		sprite
		mechanism
		mesosphere
		thermosphere
		ionosphere
		atmospherics
		thunderstorm
		vertical electric current
		vertical current
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{PaskoJun98,
	author={Pasko, V.P. and Inan, U.S. and Bell, T.F.},
	title={
Spatial structure of sprites
	},
	journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume={25},
	number={12},
	year={1998},
	month={Jun},
	pages={2123-6},
	abstract={
A theory of the electrical breakdown (EB) above thunderstorms is developed.
The streamer type of the EB is proposed for the explanation of observations
of fine spatial structures and bursts of blue optical emissions associated
with sprites
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric electricity
		lightning
		mesosphere
		thunderstorms
		spatial structure
		sprites
		electrical breakdown
		thunderstorms
		streamer type
		bursts
		blue optical emissions
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{LehtinenNov97,
	author={Lehtinen, N.G. and Bell, T.F. and Pasko, V.P. and Inan, U.S.},
	title={
A two-dimensional model of runaway electron beams driven by
quasi-electrostatic thundercloud fields
	},
	journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume={24},
	number={21},
	year={1997},
	month={Nov},
	pages={2639-42},
	abstract={
Intense, transient quasi-electrostatic (QE) fields, which exist above
thunderclouds following a positive cloud-to-ground lightning discharge, can
produce an upward travelling runaway electron (REL) beam. A new
two-dimensional (2D) REL-QE model is developed, expanding the previously
reported 1D model [Bell et al., 1995] and incorporating the QE [Pasko et
al., 1997] and the electrostatic heating (ESH) [Pasko et al., 1997] models.
The new model gives the lateral electron distribution in the beam and
allows us to determine the ionospheric effects and the optical luminosities
resulting from the simultaneous action of the QE fields on the ambient
electrons and the runaway electrons. The model is self-consistent and
includes the changes in space charge and conductivity due to the REL.
Optical emissions and gamma -ray emissions [Lehtinen et al., 1996] are
calculated and compared to experimental observations of sprites and
terrestrial gamma -ray flashes (TGF). It is shown that the structure of the
electric field and the optical emissions can be significantly affected by
the REL
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric electricity
		atmospheric radiation
		electron beams
		ionospheric disturbances
		mesosphere
		thunderstorms
		two-dimensional model
		runaway electron beams
		quasi-electrostatic thundercloud fields
		transient quasi-electrostatic fields
		thunderclouds
		positive cloud-to-ground lightning discharge
		upward travelling runaway electron beam
		REL-QE model
		electrostatic heating
		lateral electron distribution
		ionospheric effects
		optical luminosities
		space charge
		optical emissions
		gamma -ray emissions
		terrestrial gamma -ray flashes
		sprites
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{PicardNov97,
	author={Picard, R.H. and Inan, U.S. and Pasko, V.P. and Winick, J.R. and Wintersteiner, P.P.},
	title={
Infrared glow above thunderstorms?
	},
	journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume={24},
	number={21},
	year={1997},
	month={Nov},
	pages={2635-8},
	abstract={
Sustained heating of lower ionospheric electrons by thundercloud fields, as
suggested by Inan et al. [1996], may lead to the production of enhanced
infrared (IR) emissions, in particular 4.3- mu m CO/sub 2/ emission. The
excitation rate for N/sub 2/(v) via electron collisions is calculated using
a new steady-state two-dimensional electrostatic-heating (ESH) model of the
upward coupling of the thundercloud (TC) electric fields. The vibrational
energy transfer to CO/sub 2/ and 4.3- mu m radiative transfer are then
computed using a line-by-line non-LTE (non-local thermodynamic equilibrium)
radiation model. Limb-viewing radiance profiles at 4.3- mu m and typical
radiance spectra are estimated for five different TC charge distributions
and ambient ionic conductivities. Broadband 4.3- mu m enhancements of
greater than a factor of two above ambient nighttime levels are predicted
for tangent heights (TH) in the range À80 to >130 km for the most perturbed
case with larger enhancements in selected narrower spectral regions. The
predicted IR enhancements should be observable to an orbiting IR sensor
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric electricity
		atmospheric radiation
		atmospheric temperature
		carbon compounds
		thunderstorms
		infrared glow
		thunderstorms
		heating
		lower ionospheric electrons
		CO/sub 2/ emission
		excitation rate
		electron collisions
		steady-state two-dimensional electrostatic-heating
		upward coupling
		vibrational energy transfer
		line-by-line nonLTE
		limb-viewing radiance profiles
		charge distributions
		ambient ionic conductivities
		tangent heights
		4.3 mum
		N/sub 2/
		CO/sub 2/
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{PaskoJul97,
	author={Pasko, V.P. and Inan, U.S. and Bell, T.F.},
	title={
Sprites as evidence of vertical gravity wave structures above mesoscale
thunderstorms
	},
	journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume={24},
	number={14},
	year={1997},
	month={Jul},
	pages={1735-8},
	abstract={
Large area multicell thunderstorms lead to the formation of vertically
oriented cylindrical structures of gravity waves at mesospheric altitudes
closely resembling those observed in optical emissions associated with
transient luminous glows called sprites
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric movements
		gravity waves
		lightning
		mesosphere
		thunderstorms
		lightning
		mesosphere
		middle atmosphere
		movement
		gravity wave
		vertically oriented cylindrical structure
		sprite
		sprites
		vertical gravity wave structure
		mesoscale thunderstorm
		optical emission
		optical emissions
		transient luminous glow
		model
		penetrative convection
		mesoscale convective complex
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{PaskoMar97,
	author={Pasko, V.P. and Inan, U.S. and Bell, T.F. and Taranenko, Y.N.},
	title={
Sprites produced by quasi-electrostatic heating and ionization in the lower
ionosphere
	},
	journal={Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume={102},
	number={A3},
	year={1997},
	month={Mar},
	pages={4529-61},
	abstract={
Quasi-electrostatic (QE) fields that temporarily exist at high altitudes
following the sudden removal (e.g., by a lightning discharge) of
thundercloud charge at low altitudes lead to ambient electron heating (up
to \5 eV average energy), ionization of neutrals, and excitation of optical
emissions in the mesosphere/lower ionosphere. Model calculations predict
the possibility of significant (several orders of magnitude) modification
of the lower ionospheric conductivity in the form of depletions of electron
density due to dissociative attachment to O/sub 2/ molecules and/or in the
form of enhancements of electron density due to breakdown ionization.
Results indicate that the optical emission intensities of the 1st positive
band of N/sub 2/ corresponding to fast (\1 ms) removal of 100-300 degrees C
of thundercloud charge from 10 km altitude are in good agreement with
observations of the upper part ("head" and "hair" [Sentman et al., 1995])
of the sprites. The typical region of brightest optical emission has
horizontal and vertical dimensions \10 km, centered at altitudes 70 km and
is interpreted as the head of the sprite. The model also shows the
formation of low intensity glow ("hair") above this region due to the
excitation of optical emissions at altitudes \85 km during \500 mu s at the
initial stage of the lightning discharge. Comparison of the optical
emission intensities of the 1st and 2nd positive bands of N/sub 2/, Meinel
and 1st negative bands of N/sub 2//sup +/ and 1st negative band of O/sub
2//sup +/ demonstrates that the 1st positive band of N/sub 2/ is the
dominating optical emission in the altitude range around \70 km, which
accounts for the observed red color of sprites, in excellent agreement with
recent spectroscopic observations of sprites. Results indicate that the
optical emission levels are predominantly defined by the lightning
discharge duration and the conductivity properties of the atmosphere/lower
ionosphere (i.e., relaxation time of electric
	},
	keywords={
		airglow
		atmospheric ionisation
		ionosphere
		ionospheric disturbances
		lightning
		mesosphere
		stratosphere
		thunderstorms
		thunderstorm
		lightning
		mesosphere
		ionosphere
		optical emission
		airglow
		middle atmosphere
		quasi-electrostatic heating
		sprite
		ionization
		electron heating
		model calculation
		breakdown ionization
		ionospheric disturbance
		thundercloud charge
		head
		hair
		red color
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{LehtinenSep96,
	author={Lehtinen, N.G. and Walt, M. and Inan, U.S. and Bell, T.F. and Pasko, V.P.},
	title={
gamma -ray emission produced by a relativistic beam of runaway electrons
accelerated by quasi-electrostatic thundercloud fields
	},
	journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume={23},
	number={19},
	year={1996},
	month={Sep},
	pages={2645-8},
	abstract={
In an experiment described by Fishman et al. [1994], high energy photons of
atmospheric origin were detected by the Burst and Transient Source
Experiment (BATSE) detectors, located on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
(CGRO). In this paper the authors assess the possibility that the bursts
may be bremsstrahlung produced by relativistic (>1 MeV) runaway electron
beams-accelerated in an avalanche process by quasi-electrostatic
thundercloud fields. They consider the height-dependent density profile of
the relativistic electrons specified as a function of time in the context
of a previously reported runaway model [Bell et al., 1995]. The electron
beam is modeled as a vertical cylinder with radius 10 km, and numerical
estimates are provided of gamma -ray fluxes which would be observed at the
satellite. The predicted fluxes at the satellite altitude and at horizontal
distances of up to 500 km from the source are found to be comparable to the
experimental data
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric electricity
		atmospheric radiation
		gamma-rays
		lightning
		thunderstorms
		atmosphere
		storm
		thunderstorm
		gamma ray emission
		gamma -ray emission
		relativistic electron beam
		runaway electrons
		quasi-electrostatic field
		electric field
		lightning
		high energy photons
		BATSE
		CGRO
		gamma ray burst
		bremsstrahlung
		avalanche process
		relativistic electrons
		runaway model
		vertical cylinder
		gamma -ray flux
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{InanMay96,
	author={Inan, U.S. and Pasko, V.P. and Bell, T.F.},
	title={
Sustained heating of the ionosphere above thunderstorms as evidenced in
"early/fast" VLF events
	},
	journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume={23},
	number={10},
	year={1996},
	month={May},
	pages={1067-70},
	abstract={
Quasi-electrostatic (QE) thundercloud fields are proposed to maintain the
ionospheric electrons at a persistently heated level well above their
ambient thermal energy. Changes in the thundercloud charge (e.g., in
lightning discharges) lead to heating/cooling above/below this quiescent
level, and are registered as sudden (i.e., fast'<20 ms) subionospheric VLF
signal changes, occurring simultaneously (i.e., early'<20 ms) with
lightning discharges, and referred to as early/fast VLF events [Inan et
al., 1993]
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric radiation
		atmospheric temperature
		ionospheric disturbances
		lightning
		thunderstorms
		sustained heating
		ionosphere
		thunderstorms
		VLF events
		quasi-electrostatic thundercloud fields
		lightning discharges
		cooling
		subionospheric VLF signal changes
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{PaskoMar96,
	author={Pasko, V.P. and Inan, U.S. and Bell, T.F.},
	title={
Sprites as luminous columns of ionization produced by quasi-electrostatic
thundercloud fields
	},
	journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume={23},
	number={6},
	year={1996},
	month={Mar},
	pages={649-52},
	abstract={
Quasi-electrostatic (QE) fields which exist above thunderclouds after
lightning discharges can lead to the formation of columnar channels of
breakdown ionization and carrot-like vertical luminous structures with
typical transverse dimension À5-10 km spanning an altitude range from À80
km to well below À50 km. The carrot-like forms closely resemble those
observed in sprites. Results indicate that the appearance of optical
emissions can be significantly delayed in time (À1-20 ms) with respect to
the causative lightning discharge
	},
	keywords={
		airglow
		atmospheric electricity
		atmospheric ionisation
		lightning
		mesosphere
		thermosphere
		thunderstorms
		middle atmosphere
		mesosphere
		upper atmosphere
		thermosphere
		stratosphere
		ionisation
		ionization
		sprite
		thunderstorm disturbance
		optical emission
		electric discharge
		luminous column
		quasi-electrostatic field
		electric field
		lightning
		columnar channel
		breakdown ionization
		carrot-like vertical luminous structure
		delay
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{InanMar96,
	author={Inan, U.S. and Slingeland, A. and Pasko, V.P. and Rodriguez, J.V.},
	title={
VLF and LF signatures of mesospheric/lower ionospheric response to
lightning discharges
	},
	journal={Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume={101},
	number={A3},
	year={1996},
	month={Mar},
	pages={5219-38},
	abstract={
New evidence is presented of disturbances of the electrical conductivity of
the nighttime mesosphere and the lower ionosphere in association with
lightning discharges. In addition to extensive documentation of the
characteristics of a class of events heretofore referred to as early/fast
VLF events, Inan et al. (1993), the present authors data reveal a new
feature of these events, consisting of a postonset peak that typically
lasts for 1-2 s. They also report the observation of short-duration VLF or
LF perturbations, in which the amplitude of the subionospheric signal
exhibits a sudden change within 20 ms of the causative lightning discharge,
and recovers back to its original level in <3 s. These short-duration
events have characteristics similar to the previously observed rapid onset,
rapid decay VLF signatures, Doulden et al. (1994). Both the typical and
rapidly recovering events are observed primarily when the causative
lightning discharge is within +or-50 km of the VLF or LF great circle
propagation path, indicating that the scattering from the localized
disturbance is highly collimated in the forward direction. The latter in
turn implies that for the parameters in hand, the transverse extent of the
disturbance must be at least À100-150 km. The measured VLF signatures are
compared with the predictions of a three-dimensional model of
subionospheric VLF propagation and scattering in the presence of localized
ionospheric disturbances produced by electromagnetic impulses and
quasi-electrostatic QE fields produced by lightning discharges. The rapidly
recovering or short-duration events are consistent with the heating of the
ambient electrons by quasi-static electric fields, in cases when heating is
not intense enough to exceed-the attachment or ionization thresholds. When
no significant electron density changes occur, the conductivity changes due
to heating alone last only as long as the QE fields, typically less than a
few seconds. When heating is intense enough so t
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric electricity
		atmospheric electromagnetic wave propagation
		atmospherics
		ionospheric disturbances
		ionospheric electromagnetic wave propagation
		lightning
		mesosphere
		atmospherics
		radiowave emission
		thunderstorm
		VLF signature
		LF signature
		mesosphere
		lower ionosphere response
		middle atmosphere
		ionospheric disturbance
		lightning
		electric discharge
		electrical conductivity
		night
		postonset peak
		short-duration perturbation
		short-duration events
		radiowave propagation
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{PaskoFeb96,
	author={Pasko, V.P. and Inan, U.S. and Bell, T.F.},
	title={
Blue jets produced by quasi-electrostatic pre-discharge thundercloud fields
	},
	journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume={23},
	number={3},
	year={1996},
	month={Feb},
	pages={301-4},
	abstract={
Pre-discharge quasi-electrostatic fields immediately above the thundercloud
lead to the formation and upward propagation of streamer type ionization
channels with features in good agreement with video observations of blue
jets
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric electricity
		electric fields
		lightning
		thunderstorms
		blue jets
		quasielectrostatic predischarge thundercloud fields
		upward propagation
		formation
		streamer type ionization channels
		video observations
		sprites
		runaway electrons
		100 km/s
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{InanDec95,
	author={Inan, U.S. and Bell, T.F. and Pasko, V.P. and Sentman, D.D. and Wescott, E.M. and Lyons, W.A.},
	title={
VLF signatures of ionospheric disturbances associated with sprites
	},
	journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume={22},
	number={24},
	year={1995},
	month={Dec},
	pages={3461-4},
	abstract={
VLF perturbations on signals propagating along great-circle-paths (GCP)
through electrically active midwest thunderstorms are associated with
luminous high altitude glows (referred to as sprites) observed from
aircraft or ground. The data constitutes the first evidence that the
physical processes leading to sprites also alter the conductivity of the
lower ionosphere
	},
	keywords={
		airglow
		ionosphere
		ionospheric disturbances
		ionospheric electromagnetic wave propagation
		lightning
		mesosphere
		radiowave propagation
		thermosphere
		thunderstorms
		upper atmosphere
		ionosphere
		mesosphere
		upper atmosphere
		middle atmosphere
		VLF signature
		ionospheric disturbance
		sprite
		lightning
		airglow
		great-circle-path
		electrically active midwest thunderstorm
		United States
		USA
		radiowave propagation
		luminous high altitude glow
		sprites
		lower ionosphere
		electrical conductivity decrease
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{BellAug95,
	author={Bell, T.F. and Pasko, V.P. and Inan, U.S.},
	title={
Runaway electrons as a source of red sprites in the mesosphere
	},
	journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume={22},
	number={16},
	year={1995},
	month={Aug},
	pages={2127-30},
	abstract={
Large quasi-electrostatic (QE) fields above thunderclouds produce an upward
traveling beam of approximately 1 MeV runaway electrons which may
contribute to the production of optical emissions above thunderclouds
referred to as red sprites. Results of a one dimensional computer
simulation model suggest that the runaway electrons can produce optical
emissions similar in intensity and spectra to those observed in red
sprites, but only for large QE fields produced by positive cloud-to-ground
discharges lowering 250 C or more to ground from an altitude of at least 10
km. Differences in predicted optical spectra from that of other mechanisms
suggest that the runaway electron mechanism can be readily tested by high
resolution spectral measurements of red sprites
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric electricity
		electric fields
		electron beam effects
		mesosphere
		thunderstorms
		source
		red sprites
		mesosphere
		quasielectrostatic fields
		thunderclouds
		upward travelling electron beam
		optical emissions
		1D computer simulation model
		emission intensity
		upward discharges
		positive cloud-to-ground discharges
		predicted optical spectra
		runaway electron mechanism
		20 keV to 20 MeV
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{PaskoFeb95,
	author={Pasko, V.P. and Inan, U.S. and Taranenko, Y.N. and Bell, T.F.},
	title={
Heating, ionization and upward discharges in the mesosphere due to intense
quasi-electrostatic thundercloud fields
	},
	journal={Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume={22},
	number={4},
	year={1995},
	month={Feb},
	pages={365-8},
	abstract={
Quasi-electrostatic fields that temporarily exist at high altitudes
following the sudden removal (e.g. by a lightning discharge) of
thundercloud charge at low altitudes are found to significantly heat
mesospheric electrons and produce ionization and light. The intensity,
spatial extent, duration and spectra of optical emissions produced are
consistent with the observed features of the red sprite type of upward
discharges
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric ionisation
		electrons
		electrostatic discharge
		mesosphere
		plasma heating
		thunderstorms
		mesospheric electron heating
		ionization
		upward discharges
		mesosphere
		intense quasielectrostatic thundercloud fields
		lightning discharge
		sudden thundercloud charge removal
		light production
		ionization production
		intensity
		spatial extent
		duration
		spectra
		optical emissions
		red sprites
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{PaskoSep94,
	author={Pasko, V.P. and Inan, U.S.},
	title={
Recovery signatures of lightning-associated VLF perturbations as a measure
of the lower ionosphere
	},
	journal={Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume={99},
	number={A9},
	year={1994},
	month={Sep},
	pages={17523-37},
	abstract={
A new model of the physical processes associated with subionospheric VLF
signal perturbations caused by lightning-induced electron precipitation
(LEP) bursts is developed to diagnose the state of the lower ionosphere
(e.g. electron number density and rate coefficients for various chemical
reactions) on the basis of measurements of VLF recovery signatures. The
model accounts for the energy spectrum of the electron bursts precipitated
by lightning-generated whistlers, the chemical relaxation of enhanced
secondary ionization in the nighttime D-region due to LEP bursts, and
quantitatively treats the resultant effects on propagation of the VLF
signal in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. Application of the model to
experimental data obtained for the VLF propagation path from NPM station
(Hawaii) to Palmer station (Antarctica) indicates that effective electron
detachment rate gamma , enhanced secondary ionization profile (e.g. energy
content of LEP bursts), as well as the ambient electron density
distribution, may be estimated using observed subionospheric VLF recovery
signatures. The effective detachment rate was identified as approximately
10/sup -18/ N s/sup -1/, where N is total number density of neutrals. The
model indicates in particular that the attachment-detachment processes play
the dominant role in recovery of subionospheric VLF signal perturbations on
timescales approximately 100 s, and that the observed perturbations of the
NPM-Palmer signal correspond to the LEP bursts consisting of relatively
soft (<250 keV) electrons
	},
	keywords={
		ionospheric electromagnetic wave propagation
		lightning
		radiowave propagation
		whistlers
		lightning-associated VLF perturbations
		lower ionosphere
		model
		subionospheric VLF signal perturbations
		lightning-induced electron precipitation bursts
		electron number density
		rate coefficients
		chemical reactions
		VLF recovery signatures
		energy spectrum
		lightning-generated whistlers
		chemical relaxation
		enhanced secondary ionization
		nighttime D-region
		Earth-ionosphere waveguide
		effective electron detachment rate
		enhanced secondary ionization profile
		NPM Hawaii-Palmer signal propagation
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{Kotsarenko92,
	author={Kotsarenko, N.Ya. and Pas'ko, V.P.},
	title={
The influence of transverse constraining of an electron stream on the
formation of rayed forms of polar auroras
	},
	journal={Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya},
	volume={32},
	number={3},
	year={1992},
	month={},
	pages={},
	abstract={
The influence of transverse constrained electron stream on the development
of an aperiodic instability is discussed. A hydrodynamical treatment of a
cold stream in a cold plasma is performed with and without an external
magnetic field present. The influence of collisions on the development of
an instability is analyzed. The possibility of the onset of a rayed
structure of the polar aurora as the result of the development of an
aperiodic instability of an electron stream flowing along the geomagnetic
field in an initially (prior to the stage of intensification of a
magnetospheric substorm) uniform arc or band is discussed on the basis of
the theory constructed. For the ionospheric parameters in the polar auroral
zones, an instability can develop owing only to collisions of electrons in
the stream and plasma with a plasma-wise neutral background
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric electron precipitation
		aurora
		electron precipitation
		ionosphere
		spectral emission
		upper atmosphere
		ray
		plasma instability
		transverse constraining
		electron stream
		formation
		rayed forms
		aperiodic instability
		cold stream
		cold plasma
		rayed structure
		polar aurora
		uniform arc
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{GlukhovNov92,
	author={Glukhov, V.S. and Pasko, V.P. and Inan, U.S.},
	title={
Relaxation of transient lower ionospheric disturbances caused by
lightning-whistler-induced electron precipitation bursts
	},
	journal={Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume={97},
	number={A11},
	year={1992},
	month={Nov},
	pages={16971-9},
	abstract={
A quantitative model of the relaxation of transient lower ionospheric
(D-region) disturbances caused by lightning-induced electron precipitation
is developed, taking advantage of known particular features of the
lightning-induced disturbances, such as the fact that they are produced in
typically <1 s and decay over 10-100 s. The model represents the nighttime
D-region as consisting of only four kinds of charged particles (electrons,
positive ions, negative ions, and positive cluster ions) and is
particularly suited for description of the detailed behavior of the
electron density. Application of the model to some previously modeled
disturbances indicates that some of the least known chemical reaction rates
in the nighttime D-region altitudes may be measurable using subionospheric
VLF data
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric electron precipitation
		D-region
		ionosphere
		lightning
		D-region
		transient lower ionospheric disturbances
		lightning-whistler-induced electron precipitation bursts
		quantitative model
		relaxation
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{Pasko91,
	author={Pas'ko, V.P.},
	title={
Numerical modeling of the dynamics of an electron beam artificially
injected into the ionosphere
	},
	journal={Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya},
	volume={31},
	number={1},
	year={1991},
	month={},
	pages={},
	abstract={
The transition to the equilibrium state of an azimuthally symmetrical
electron beam (uncompensated with respect to charge) continuously injected
into the ionosphere plasma along the geomagnetic field is modeled by the
method of large particles. The dependence of the equilibrium distribution
function of the beam forming in the process of collision-free mixing in the
natural electromagnetic and external geomagnetic fields on the injection
parameters is analyzed. Simple analytic relations at the nonrelativistic
limit are found for the beam characteristics in the equilibrium state. The
numerical modeling results are compared with the solution of the envelope
equation
	},
	keywords={
		electron beams
		ionosphere
		plasma
		artificially injected beam
		dynamics
		electron beam
		ionosphere
		equilibrium state
		plasma
		large particles
		equilibrium distribution function
		collision-free mixing
		nonrelativistic limit
		envelope equation
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{Kotsarenko91,
	author={Kotsarenko, N.Ya. and Lizunov, G.V. and Pas'ko, V.P.},
	title={
Formation of the periodic structures of auroras
	},
	journal={Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya},
	volume={31},
	number={2},
	year={1991},
	month={},
	pages={},
	abstract={
It is shown that the stratification of electron streams precipitating into
the atmosphere into small-scale forms (rays, laminae, etc.) may result from
the development of filamentary (aperiodic) instability. The ray structure
of the polar aurora is similar to the picture of the filamentary nature of
relativistic electron beams observed in laboratory experiments. The
instability is dissipative in nature; it requires the presence of
collisions of the precipitating electrons with the surrounding medium, and
in general does not require the presence of a background plasma
	},
	keywords={
		atmospheric electron precipitation
		aurora
		filamentary instability
		aurora
		upper atmosphere
		ray structure
		periodic structure formation
		rays
		plasma instability
		electron precipitation
		ionosphere
		lamina
		stratification
		electron streams
		polar aurora
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{PaskoOct91,
	author={Pas'ko, V.P.},
	title={
Nonlinear dynamics of a dissipative filamentary instability of an electron
beam in a magnetoactive plasma
	},
	journal={Pis'ma v Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fizika},
	volume={17},
	number={19-20},
	year={1991},
	month={Oct},
	pages={13-17},
	abstract={
The author analyzes the nonlinear dynamics of the filamentary instability
of an electron beam drifting in a plasma with an applied magnetic field,
and with collisions in the plasma and in the beam. Of particular interest
is the case of a weak beam in a strong magnetic field, omega /sub H/> omega
/sub B/v/sub 0//c, where the instability growth rate is governed by
collisions of the electrons of the beam with the plasma-neutral background
	},
	keywords={
		plasma instability
		plasma waves
		plasma-beam interactions
		dissipative filamentary instability
		electron beam
		magnetoactive plasma
		nonlinear dynamics
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{PaskoJul91,
	author={Pasko, V.P.},
	title={
Computer simulation of the collisionless relaxation of an uncompensated
electron beam injected in the ionosphere
	},
	journal={Annales Geophysicae. Atmospheres, Hydrospheres and Space Sciences},
	volume={9},
	number={7},
	year={1991},
	month={Jul},
	pages={442-8},
	abstract={
The particle method (CIC) is used for the simulation of the collisionless
relaxation of the cylindrically symmetric quasi-stationary electron beam
injected in plasma along the geomagnetic field. The beam is assumed to be
uncompensated in a charge, as well as in a current. The analytical shape of
the beam equilibrium distribution function is found as a result of beam
phase space mixing in collective electromagnetic fields. In nonrelativistic
limit, simple analytic equations for beam characteristics in equilibrium
state (density, average energy etc.) are obtained. The results of the
analytic theory turn out to be in good agreement with the results of the
simulation. The results of the computer simulation are also compared to the
solution of the envelope equation
	},
	keywords={
		electron beams
		geophysics computing
		ionosphere
		plasma
		injected beam
		collisionless relaxation
		uncompensated electron beam
		ionosphere
		particle method
		cylindrically symmetric quasi-stationary electron beam
		plasma
		beam equilibrium distribution function
		beam phase space mixing
		nonrelativistic limit
		computer simulation
		envelope equation
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{Lizunov90,
	author={Lizunov, G.V. and Pas'ko, V.P.},
	title={
Collision-free relaxation of an electron beam artificially injected into
the ionosphere
	},
	journal={Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya},
	volume={30},
	number={2},
	year={1990},
	month={},
	pages={},
	abstract={
With use of one-dimensional numerical model an investigation is made of the
dynamics of a beam of energetic electrons injected into the ionospheric
plasma at F-layer heights. It is shown that the beam, on intermixing in the
self-consistent electromagnetic field, relaxes collision-free in the radial
degree of freedom to a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The equilibrium
characteristics of the beam are found, including the distribution of
electron density which exceeds (within the beam half-width) the density of
the ionospheric plasma
	},
	keywords={
		electron beams
		F-region
		collision free relaxation
		1D numerical model
		electron beam
		energetic electrons
		ionospheric plasma
		F-layer heights
		electromagnetic field
		Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
		electron density
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{Lizunov89,
	author={Lizunov, G.V. and Pas'ko, V.P.},
	title={
The influence of the intrinsic magnetic field on the dynamics of an
electron beam artificially injected into the ionosphere
	},
	journal={Geomagnetizm i Aeronomiya},
	volume={29},
	number={4},
	year={1989},
	month={},
	pages={},
	abstract={
The collisionless dynamics of a dense electron beam steadily injected into
the ionospheric plasma at an arbitrary angle to the geomagnetic field is
investigated. It is shown that at energies gamma >or approximately=2-4 the
intrinsic magnetic field of the beam, which restricts the radius of maximum
expansion of the beam in such a way that its density everywhere remains
higher than the density of the surrounding plasma, plays an important role.
The equilibrium distribution to which the transverse profile of the beam
relaxes at large distances from the injector is discussed
	},
	keywords={
		geomagnetism
		ionosphere
		plasma
		injected beam
		intrinsic magnetic field
		dynamics
		electron beam
		ionosphere
		plasma
		geomagnetic field
		radius of maximum expansion
		density
		equilibrium distribution
		transverse profile
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{NikitenkoMay89,
	author={Nikitenko, V.A. and Tereshchenko, A.I. and Kucheruk, V.P. and Naumov, N.P. and Pas'ko, P.G.},
	title={
Temperature characteristics of exciton-phonon luminescence of zinc oxide
	},
	journal={Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii},
	volume={50},
	number={5},
	year={1989},
	month={May},
	pages={750-3},
	abstract={
One of the important uses of zinc oxide in technology is due to the use of
ZnO powders as a white pigment of coatings diffusely reflecting light for
various purposes. In the development of such compositions, of special
importance is the investigation of the effect of technological
manufacturing parameters and also the environment and corpuscular radiation
on the perfection of the crystal structure of zinc oxide, which affects
significantly the optical characteristics of the reflecting coating or
electrophotographic film that is used. In this context, it is necessary to
find a method making it possible to evaluate the total defect content in
the structure of zinc oxide which is in direct contact with the binder.
Exciton-phonon luminescence (EPL) involving free excitons is very sensitive
to disturbances of the crystal structure and can be used for such studies.
However, the developed comparison method, based on an evaluation of the
temperature-dependent behavior and shape of the radiation bands, requires
too low a temperature (T approximately=4-80 K) and sufficiently resolved
EPL spectra, which is not always attainable. The authors report on
characteristics of EPL observed at higher temperature, convenient for
practical uses, which can be used to evaluate the degree of perfection of
the crystal structure and mechanism of radiation of single-crystalline and
polycrystalline samples made from zinc oxide
	},
	keywords={
		crystal atomic structure of inorganic compounds
		II-VI semiconductors
		luminescence of inorganic solids
		phonon-exciton interactions
		radiation effects
		zinc compounds
		diffuse reflection
		single crystalline sample
		exciton-phonon luminescence
		white pigment
		coatings
		manufacturing parameters
		environment
		corpuscular radiation
		perfection
		crystal structure
		electrophotographic film
		total defect content
		free excitons
		polycrystalline samples
		4 to 80 K
		ZnO
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{KotsarenkoApr90,
	author={Kotsarenko, N.Ya. and Pasko, V.P.},
	title={
A kinetic theory of the fibrous and laminated structures of electron flows
moving in plasma
	},
	journal={Ukrayins'kyi Fizychnyi Zhurnal},
	volume={35},
	number={4},
	year={1990},
	month={Apr},
	pages={574-6},
	abstract={
The formation of fibrous and periodical laminated structures in a series of
physical phenomena in the space and laboratory plasma due to the growth of
an aperiodical instability is discussed. Using the kinetic equation for an
electron flow with the temperature anisotropy and plasma with finite
temperature, it is shown that fibrous structures are formed by the drift of
an electron flow, or in the case when the longitudinal temperature exceeds
the transverse one. Laminated structures appear only in case of an
additional drift of the electron flow, the vectors of longitudinal and
transverse velocities of the drift being located in the planes of the
layers. Typical sizes of these structures have been estimated
	},
	keywords={
		plasma instability
		plasma temperature
		plasma theory
		plasma transport processes
		transverse temperature
		electron flows
		periodical laminated structures
		aperiodical instability
		kinetic equation
		temperature anisotropy
		finite temperature
		fibrous structures
		longitudinal temperature
		additional drift
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{Pasko88,
	author={Pas'ko, V.P. and Silich, S.A.},
	title={
Dynamics of a gravitating shell moving under field star radiation pressure
	},
	journal={Kinematika i Fizika Nebesnykh Tel},
	volume={4},
	number={2},
	year={1988},
	month={},
	pages={85-7},
	abstract={
Gravitational effects are discussed in relation to the acceleration
mechanism for an expanding supershell driven by field-star radiation
pressure. A gravitating shell can be accelerated only if the field-star
radiation energy density U exceeds the critical value U/sub c/
approximately=3.6*10/sup -13/ J/m/sup 3/, so the mechanism is not effective
for any system having the parameters of galaxies
	},
	keywords={
		astrophysical fluid dynamics
		H I regions
		H II regions
		radiation pressure
		stellar radiation
		interstellar supershells acceleration
		H I supershells dynamics
		H II supershells
		gravitating shell
		field star radiation pressure
		acceleration mechanism
		expanding supershell
		field-star radiation energy density
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{Privalko87,
	author={Privalko, V.P. and Arbuzova, A.P. and Zagdanskaya, N.Ye. and Pas'ko, S.P. and Fedorova, L.N.},
	title={
Thermodynamics of random copolymers of 3-iodine-9-N-vinylcarbazol and
n-octyl methacrylate
	},
	journal={Vysokomolekulyarnye Soedineniya, Seriya A},
	volume={29},
	number={9},
	year={1987},
	month={},
	pages={1892-6},
	abstract={
The heat capacity in the 130-480 K temperature range and specific volume in
the 313-493 K temperature range and 15-210 mPa pressure range of random
copolymers of 3-iodine-9-N-vinylcarbazol and n-octyl methacrylate have been
studied. The dependences of T/sub g/, heat capacity jumps at glass
transition and parameters of the equation of state of Simha-Somchinskii
have been analysed. The substitution of the carbazol nucleus proton with
iodine atom is concluded to result in some moderation of intermolecular
interaction, but does not affect essentially the character of heat mobility
of macromolecules in melt
	},
	keywords={
		glass transition (polymers)
		organic compounds
		specific heat of solids
		random copolymers
		3-iodine-9-N-vinylcarbazol
		n-octyl methacrylate
		heat capacity
		glass transition
		130 to 493 K
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{Kraskevich86,
	author={Kraskevich, V.E. and Pas'ko, V.P.},
	title={
Conditionally optimal filtering of stochastically distributed objects
	},
	journal={Pr. Nauk. Inst. Cybern. Tech. Politech. Wroc. Ser., Konf. (Poland), PraceNaukowe Instytutu Cybernetyki Technicznej Politechniki Wroclawskiej, Seria:Konferencje},
	volume={},
	number={},
	year={1986},
	month={},
	pages={84-7},
	abstract={
The problem of estimating the state of a stochastic object with distributed
parameters, described by a differential equation, is examined. On the basis
of a conventional optimal approach, a modification of a linear filtering
algorithm is derived for estimating the state of a stochastically
distributed object in the presence of time-correlation noise for object and
measurer which is defined by truncated covariational functions. The
algorithm is extended to objects with distributed parameters which are
described by linear discrete-time stochastic differential equations in
partial derivatives
	},
	keywords={
		distributed parameter systems
		filtering and prediction theory
		linear differential equations
		partial differential equations
		state estimation
		stochastic systems
		conditionally-optimal filtering, state estimation
		partial differential equation
		stochastically distributed objects
		distributed parameters
		linear filtering algorithm
		time-correlation noise
		truncated covariational functions
		linear discrete-time stochastic differential equations
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{PaskoMar86,
	author={Pas'ko, V.P. and Silich, S.A.},
	title={
On the theory of strong shock waves propagation in inhomogeneous
gravitating media. II. Radiative cooling phase
	},
	journal={Kinematika i Fizika Nebesnykh Tel},
	volume={2},
	number={2},
	year={1986},
	month={Mar},
	pages={15-21},
	abstract={
For pt.I see ibid., vol.1, no.6, p.37-43 (1985). The effect of the
gravitational field of stars on the propagation of strong radiative shock
waves is investigated in the infinitely thin layer approximation. The
equations of motion for shock waves and their analytical solutions are
found. Combining a previously obtained solution for the adiabatic phase
with the present one, a complete description of the shock wave propagation
is obtained
	},
	keywords={
		gravity
		interstellar matter
		plasma
		plasma shock waves
		stars
		radiative cooling phase
		plasma
		interstellar matter
		strong shock waves
		propagation
		inhomogeneous gravitating media
		stars
		radiative shock waves
		infinitely thin layer approximation
		adiabatic phase
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{Arbuzova86,
	author={Arbuzova, A.P. and Lipatov, Yu.S. and Pas'ko, S.P. and Privalko, V.P.},
	title={
Thermodynamics of random copolymers of N-vinylcarbazole and alkyl
methacrylates
	},
	journal={Vysokomolekulyarnye Soedineniya, Seriya A},
	volume={28},
	number={10},
	year={1986},
	month={},
	pages={2157-62},
	abstract={
Heat capacity under normal pressure in the 163-493K temperature range and
specific volume in the 325-455K temperature range and 15-210 MPa pressure
range of equimolar random copolymers of N-vinylcarbazole and some alkyl
methacrylates (from methyl to lauryl methacrylate) have been studied. The
characteristic parameters of the Simha-Somsinskii equation of state (1969)
for the melt region and contributions to the value of the heat capacity
jump during glass transitions following the DiMarcio method (1979) were
determined. The number of external degrees of freedom of the repeating
element of the chain in the melt was shown to coincide with the number of
'flexible' bonds permitting the internal rotation
	},
	keywords={
		equations of state
		glass transition (polymers)
		polymer blends
		specific heat of solids
		thermodynamic properties
		thermodynamics
		N-vinylcarbazole-alkyl methacrylate random copolymers
		heat capacity
		flexible bonds
		Simha-Somsinskii equation of state
		heat capacity jump
		glass transitions
		DiMarcio method
		external degrees of freedom
		repeating element
		internal rotation
		163 to 493 K
		325 to 455 K
		15 to 210 MPa
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{KorbichMar85,
	author={Kor'bich, Yu. and Pas'ko, V.P.},
	title={
Optimal filter for estimating the state of linear distributed parameter
systems from discrete measurements in the presence of correlated noise
	},
	journal={Avtomatika},
	volume={18},
	number={2},
	year={1985},
	month={Mar},
	pages={24-30},
	abstract={
The results of the theory of linear filtering for distributed parameter
stochastic systems are generalized to the case in which the noise of a
dynamic system is correlated with the noise of the measuring device. The
equations of an optimal linear filter for estimating the state vector of
the system from discrete measurements are derived. The obtained algorithm
can be used with minor modifications in the case of colored noise of the
meter
	},
	keywords={
		distributed parameter systems
		filtering and prediction theory
		linear systems
		noise
		sampled data systems
		state estimation
		stochastic systems
		optimal filters
		state estimation
		linear systems
		distributed parameter systems
		discrete measurements
		correlated noise
		stochastic systems
		dynamic system
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
/usr/tmp/citation.tmp.2285
@ARTICLE{ArbuzovaMay83,
	author={Arbuzova, A.P. and Besklubenko, Yu.D. and Lipatov, Yu.S. and Privalko, V.P. and Pas'ko, S.P. and Fedorova, L.N.},
	title={
Thermodynamics of random copolymers of n-octyl methacrylate and N-vinyl
carbazole
	},
	journal={Vysokomolekulyarnye Soedineniya, Seriya A},
	volume={25},
	number={5},
	year={1983},
	month={May},
	pages={914-20},
	abstract={
The values of specific volume of six samples of random copolymers of
n-octyl methacrylate and N-vinyl carbazole have been measured in the
325-455K temperature range and 15-210 MPa pressure range. Based on the
anomalous character of the dependence of absolute values of specific volume
and its derivatives with respect to temperature and pressure on the
copolymer composition the increase of the degree of blocking in samples
with higher content of vinyl carbazole is derived. The characteristic
parameters of reduction for the Simha-Solkinskii model are determined. The
quantitative coincidence of the theory and experiment is explained by the
averaging of the real nonvalent interaction between segments of
macromolecules in melts of copolymers resulting in the approximation of the
effective potential of interaction to the spherically symmetric one
	},
	keywords={
		density of liquids
		high-pressure phenomena and effects
		polymer melts
		thermodynamic properties
		325 to 455K
		composition dependence
		15 to 210 MPa
		high pressure
		thermodynamic properties
		random copolymers
		n-octyl methacrylate
		N-vinyl carbazole
		specific volume
		degree of blocking
		characteristic parameters of reduction
		Simha-Solkinskii model
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}
@ARTICLE{SolomkoMar74,
	author={Solomko, V.P. and Vovkotrub, N.F. and Pas'ko, S.P. and Surovtsev, V.I.},
	title={
Effect of fillers on temperature transitions in amorphous polymers
	},
	journal={Vysokomolekulyarnye Soedineniya, Seriya A},
	volume={16},
	number={3},
	year={1974},
	month={Mar},
	pages={519-26},
	abstract={
Polymethylmethacrylate and polystyrene were used with three fillers; glass
fibre of diameter 8.10 mu and length 3 mm, an aerosol of specific area 175
m/sup 2//g and mountain cork (a type of asbestos). The effects of filler
concentrations on T/sub c/ were determined by a variety of methods; tan
delta and the temperature coefficient of internal friction were studied as
functions of filler concentration, at temperatures up to 240 degrees C
	},
	keywords={
		amorphous state
		internal friction
		polymers
		effect of fillers
		temperature transitions
		amorphous polymers
		polymethylmethacrylate
		polystyrene
		glass fibre
		aerosol
		mountain cork
		asbestos
		internal friction
		240 degrees C
		},
	mynotes={UNREAD},
}